[HowTo] Incorporar colores, estilos y efectos en scripts de bash
Las ‘secuencias de escape’ son una especie de códigos que indican al sistema que allí donde se encuentra la secuencia de escape hay, por ejemplo, un salto de línea, o una negrita.
En bash se puede emplear unos códigos que sirven para que, en la ejecución del script, el texto se muestre de una determinada forma, con estilos, colores y efectos.
Esos códigos o secuencias de escape son:
- Sin formato / anular formato
\033[00mô\x1b[2mp.ej…echo -e '\x1b[2mnormal'… anularía todos los efectos anteriormente aplicados, con lo que la palabra ‘normal’ se mostraría por pantalla sin ningún tipo de formato especial.
- Rojo
ôp.ej. ~~~
<br>
* Verde
`` ô ``
p.ej.
<br>
* Amarillo
`` ô ``
p.ej.
<br>
* Púrpura
`` ô ``
p.ej.
<br>
* Cyan
`` ô ``
p.ej.
~~~
NONE=’\033[00m’ RED=’\033[01;31m’ GREEN=’\033[01;32m’ YELLOW=’\033[01;33m’ PURPLE=’\033[01;35m’ CYAN=’\033[01;36m’ WHITE=’\033[01;37m’ BOLD=’\033[1m’ UNDERLINE=’\033[4m’
echo -e “\x1b[1m bold” echo -e “\x1b[30m black” echo -e “\x1b[31m red” echo -e “\x1b[32m green” echo -e “\x1b[33m yellow” echo -e “\x1b[34m blue” echo -e “\x1b[35m mag” echo -e “\x1b[36m cyan” echo -e “\x1b[37m white”
echo -e “\x1b[0m io-std” echo -e “\x1b[1m bold” echo -e “\x1b[2m normal”
echo -e “\x1b[3m italic” echo -e “\x1b[4m underlined” echo -e “\x1b[5m blinking” echo -e “\x1b[7m inverted”
Modo de empleo
echo -e “This text is ${RED}red${NONE} and ${GREEN}green${NONE} and ${BOLD}bold${NONE} and ${UNDERLINE}underlined${NONE}.”
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Change font in echo command
Ask Question Asked 8 years, 10 months ago Active 18 days ago Viewed 94k times (BUTTON) 20 (BUTTON) (BUTTON) 12
Is it possible to change the font attributes of the output of echo in either zsh or bash?
What I would like is something akin to: echo -n “This is the font: normal “ echo -n $font=italic “italic,” echo -n $font=bold “bold,” echo -n “and” echo -n $font=small “small”.
so that it print: “This is the font: normal, italic, bold, [^small]” within a line of text. bash shell zsh fonts Share Improve this question (BUTTON) Follow edited May 26 ‘15 at 12:24 Sardathrion - against SE abuse asked Apr 25 ‘12 at 8:15 Sardathrion - against SE abuseSardathrion - against SE abuse 4,18155 gold badges2626 silver badges6060 bronze badges 2 * This has more to do with the terminal emulator in question than with the used shell. This question thread contains some valuable pointers, I think – sr_ Apr 25 ‘12 at 8:33 * Normally, you cannot change the font size. The only thing, you usually can do, is changing color and sometimes the bold/underlined attribute. For this, you can use ANSI escape sequences. See e.g. bashguru.com/2010/01/shell-colors-colorizing-shell-scripts.html for some examples. – jofel Apr 25 ‘12 at 8:35
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4 Answers 4
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On most if not all terminal emulators, you can’t set different font sizes or different fonts, only colors and a few attributes (bold, underlined, standout).
In bash (or in zsh or any other shell), you can use the terminal escape sequences directly (apart from a few exotic ones, all terminals follow xterm’s lead these days). CSI is ESC [, written $’\e[’ in bash. The escape sequence to change attributes is CSI Ps m. echo $’\e[32;1mbold red\e[0mplain\e[4munderlined’
Zsh has a convenient function for that. autoload -U colors colors echo $bold_color$fg[red]bold red${reset_color}plain$’\e’$color[underline]munderlined
Or can do it as part of prompt expansion, also done with print -P, or the % parameter expansion flag: print -P ‘%F{red}%Bbold%b red%f %Uunderline%u’
Share Improve this answer (BUTTON) Follow edited Jun 21 ‘20 at 17:29 Stéphane Chazelas 411k7272 gold badges808808 silver badges12221222 bronze badges answered Apr 27 ‘12 at 0:33 Gilles ‘SO- stop being evil’Gilles ‘SO- stop being evil’ 677k166166 gold badges14161416 silver badges19151915 bronze badges
Add a comment | (BUTTON) 19 (BUTTON)
You could include these color definitions in a script or source file. Could look something like this. #!/bin/bash PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:
NONE=’\033[00m’ RED=’\033[01;31m’ GREEN=’\033[01;32m’ YELLOW=’\033[01;33m’ PURPLE=’\033[01;35m’ CYAN=’\033[01;36m’ WHITE=’\033[01;37m’ BOLD=’\033[1m’ UNDERLINE=’\033[4m’
echo -e “This text is ${RED}red${NONE} and ${GREEN}green${NONE} and ${BOLD}bold${NONE} and ${UNDERLINE}underlined${NONE}.”
tput sgr0
Notice that you should reset the ANSI color codes after each instance you invoke a change. The tput sgr0 resets all changes you have made in the terminal.
I believe changing the font size or italics would be specific to the terminal you are using.
While this guide is specific to customizing your bash prompt, it is a good reference for color codes and generates some ideas of what you can do. Share Improve this answer (BUTTON) Follow edited Apr 25 ‘12 at 12:23 answered Apr 25 ‘12 at 12:17 George MGeorge M 11.6k33 gold badges3535 silver badges4949 bronze badges 0
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Seems as if the layout can’t handle the [0x1b]-character in front of the [.
The first line makes bold: echo -e “\x1b[1m bold” echo -e “\x1b[30m black” echo -e “\x1b[31m red” echo -e “\x1b[32m green” echo -e “\x1b[33m yellow” echo -e “\x1b[34m blue” echo -e “\x1b[35m mag” echo -e “\x1b[36m cyan” echo -e “\x1b[37m white”
For the general type, I only know echo -e “\x1b[0m io-std” echo -e “\x1b[1m bold” echo -e “\x1b[2m normal”
and from the comments, thanks manatwork and GypsyCosmonaut: echo -e “\x1b[3m italic” echo -e “\x1b[4m underlined” echo -e “\x1b[5m blinking” echo -e “\x1b[7m inverted”
and don’t know the difference between io-std and normal.
I haven’t seen italic or small in the shell.
You can enter them (thanks to manatwork too) by Ctrl + v ESC in the Bash, where it will be displayed as ^[. This mean the whole ANSI sequence will look like ^[[1m bold or ^[[1mbold (to avoid the blank before ‘bold’).
Many editors have problems with (char)0x1b. Alternatives: copy/paste it from somewhere, or use echo -e “\x1b[1m bold”
in bash, or a hex editor.
Or, even simpler: echo -e “\e[1m bold”
The \e is an escape sequence for the ascii code 27, for the bash internal command echo as well as for the external program GNU-echo. Share Improve this answer (BUTTON) Follow edited Feb 17 at 12:47 answered Apr 25 ‘12 at 11:37 user unknownuser unknown 9,31922 gold badges2929 silver badges5454 bronze badges 4 * 1 Escape characters can be typed: Ctrl+V, Esc. (Will be displayed as “^[”. This mean the whole ANSI sequence will look like “^[[1mbold”.) – manatwork Apr 25 ‘12 at 11:49 * 1 There are more attributes to mention: \e[4m underlined, \e[5m blinking, \e[7m inverted. – manatwork Apr 25 ‘12 at 11:52 * @manatwork: added them. – user unknown Apr 25 ‘12 at 12:04 * @userunknown Thanks for helping, tinkering with your code, I found italic is echo -e “\x1b[3m italic” – GypsyCosmonaut Jul 16 ‘17 at 11:13
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Here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code
(note: a lot of them usually don’t work, but most of these are marked thus.)
I’m making a game in the terminal and have been relying heavily on the above link. It even tells you how to hide/unhide the cursor, make color (30’s), “bold” (lighter), darker, underlined, italic, background color (40’s instead of 30’s), etc. You can also change the cursor’s location (which is very helpful - for example, “\x1B[1A” moves the cursor up one line; “\x1B[0;0H” moves the cursor to row 0, col 0; “\x1B[2J” clears the screen; “\x1B[2K” clears the line.
For your purposes as people have said: echo -e “\x1b[30;44m black with blue background \x1b[m”
echo -e “\x1b[31;42m red with green background \x1b[m”
echo -e “\x1b[32;40m green with black background \x1b[m”
echo -e “\x1b[8m Invisible; na na na na boo boo \x1b[m”
Note: You need the -e in echo -e “\x1b[35;1m Light purple \x1b[m”
or you need to use single quotes. Type man echo to see why (double quotes are usually a pain when printing; when I need stuff to not expand or I need ANSI escape sequences, I use single quotes because it is easy - even though I gotten used to it from doing it so many times - to forget the -e in which case you get “box with numbers and letters[35;1m”).
Every time you see CSI replace it with “\x1b[” (or “\e[” or “\u1b[”). “\x1b[” I think is more standard, but I don’t really know what the difference is between them is. Share Improve this answer (BUTTON) Follow edited Jun 21 ‘16 at 8:09 Pierre.Vriens 1,1062121 gold badges1313 silver badges1616 bronze badges answered Oct 26 ‘14 at 20:21 DylanDylan 36533 silver badges1010 bronze badges 3 * If you like cluttering your strings with extra characters, don’t use \e :-) – clearlight Jan 15 ‘17 at 21:01 * @clearlight I am not sure what you mean. I think you might have meant to say “use \e”. However, \e is less supported than \x1b I have found. The optimal thing to do would be either esc=$’\e’ or esc=$’\x1b’ (this is in bash) and then use “${esc}[34;1m” (for, e.g., bright blue). I have a semi-complex example here (github.com/dylnmc/ps1porn/blob/master/powerline.sh) for a real bash prompt string ;) Please forgive the name of the repo – you can thank people in freenode’s channel #archlinux-offtopic for that. – Dylan Feb 3 ‘17 at 17:37 * Reason for doing esc=$’\e’ is that this allows bash to create the ansi-escape character on the spot, and you benefit from it in a couple of ways. Sometimes, in fact, (as is demonstrated in the github link), you have to use this method in order to get color to show up properly. For older versions of bash as well as the sh shell, you should (but don’t need to) use this method to get color to show up … granted that the terminal uses the escape sequences that most modern terminals do. – Dylan Feb 3 ‘17 at 18:05
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